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Night thermal image of a pitched roof taken with a FLIR C8, the roof framing showing as a striped pattern

Thermal method

How a thermal survey is done

A thermal image is easy to take and easy to get wrong. Two published standards say what a defensible infrared survey has to include. This is how we meet them, and what we say when we can't.

  • Federal Aviation Administration (FAA) Part 107 Certified remote pilot · Certificate No. 5356780
  • Insured Certificate on request
  • New York State (NYS)-Certified Service-Disabled Veteran-Owned Business (SDVOB) #269133
  • Level I Certified Thermographer for small unmanned aircraft systems (sUAS) Infraspection Institute · credential number 20483-D

The two standards

Roof work follows the Infraspection Institute Standard for Infrared Inspection of Insulated Roofs (2022 edition). Walls, windows, ceilings and attics follow the Infraspection Institute Standard for Infrared Inspection of Building Envelopes (2022 edition). Infraspection has published infrared inspection standards since 1988, and portions of its guidelines have been incorporated into ASTM documents.

Each standard sets the same four things: who does what, what the equipment must be able to do, what conditions the survey needs, and what the report must contain. Our survey tool checks every one of those items before it will print the sentence "performed and documented to the Standard".

A roof moisture survey, start to finish

  1. Roles agreed in writing

    The end user (you or your facilities manager), the thermographer and a qualified assistant who knows the roof. The roofer who will take the cores is named before the survey night.

  2. The right night

    A sunny day, then a clear night with light wind and a dry membrane. Wet insulation holds the day's heat longer than dry insulation, so it reads warm after dark. If the weather doesn't cooperate, we reschedule at no charge rather than survey in conditions the standard rules out.

  3. Walked in lanes, viewed at an angle above 20 degrees

    Every roof section is covered on foot with a radiometric handheld imager, with an aerial pass where it helps on a large roof. Each suspect area is confirmed with the handheld before it is marked.

  4. Marked on the roof and on the plan

    Each area is outlined in paint, numbered, measured, and recorded on the roof drawing with a thermal image and a visible-light photo of the same spot.

  5. Findings map the next business day

    You get the numbered areas, their sizes, the percentage of each section affected, and a minimum core plan for your roofer: dry reference cores plus one core inside each marked area.

  6. Your roofer cores

    Coring, patching and anything that touches the roof warranty belong to the roofing contractor: yours, or one we bring. The core results go into the final report; a thermal pattern is not called wet until a core says so.

  7. The final report

    Every item the standard requires: thermographer and credential, equipment and its specifications, weather history, survey window and conditions, procedures, each finding with paired images, the verification results, and the limitations. If any required item is missing, the report is stamped DRAFT and the compliance sentence is withheld. We don't ship DRAFT reports.

  8. Re-scan after the repair

    The repaired areas are scanned again under the same kind of conditions, so the owner has a dated before-and-after record, not a promise.

Equipment that meets the standard

The standards require an imager with real-time imaging and manual level and span controls that can be set to temperature values; automatic-only imagers don't qualify. Our handheld instrument of record is a FLIR C8 radiometric imager with traceable factory calibration. Aerial thermal is used for screening large roofs; it is not the instrument of record unless it is radiometric.

Level I thermography is qualitative: we locate and document thermal patterns and confirm them by independent means. We don't state surface temperatures as findings, rate the building, or design the repair.

Night thermal image of a pitched roof taken with a FLIR C8
FLIR C8 radiometric imager: real-time imaging, manual level and span to temperature values, traceable factory calibration.

Building envelope surveys

Walls, windows, doors, ceilings and attics are surveyed from inside and outside with the heat running and an inside-to-outside temperature difference of at least 18°F held for several hours beforehand. Surfaces must be dry. Each finding is classed as conductive (insulation missing, settled or wet), convective (air leakage) or suspected moisture, and moisture is confirmed with a pin-type moisture meter before it is reported.

Air leakage is assessed under the building's existing pressure, with the conditions recorded. Pressurized (blower door) testing is referred to an energy auditor.

Scan or survey?

An Investigative Moisture Scan answers "is it wet, and where?" with the same imager and the same thermographer, but it is not performed to a standard and the report says so. It is the right product when the owner needs to know where to send the contractor. A survey to the standard is the right product for insurance, warranty, disputes, public and union work, and quality assurance of new construction, because it can be held up by someone who wasn't there.

A scan steps up to a survey when the owner needs it to. What never changes: the same conditions rules, the same confirmation rule, and the same hash-logged record described on the provenance page.

What confirmation looks like

Common questions

What makes a thermal survey "to the standard"?
The Infraspection Institute standards set requirements for roles, equipment, survey conditions, verification and report content. Our survey tool checks every required item; if one is missing, the report is marked DRAFT and the compliance sentence is withheld. Only a complete report is delivered.
Who takes the core samples?
Your roofing contractor, or a roofer we bring if you don't have one. Coring and patching touch the roof warranty, so they belong to the roofer. The results go into the final report.
Can you do the survey tonight?
Only if the conditions are right: a sunny day, a clear night with light wind, and a dry roof. If not, we reschedule at no charge. A survey done in the wrong conditions is worse than no survey.
What is the difference between a Moisture Scan and a survey?
Same imager, same thermographer. A scan is qualitative and not performed to a standard; it tells you where to look. A survey follows the standard start to finish and produces a report that can be relied on by insurers, owners and public agencies.

Where we fly

Based in Irondequoit and serving Rochester and Monroe, Wayne, Ontario, Livingston, Orleans and Genesee Counties, including Irondequoit, Webster, Penfield, Fairport, Pittsford, Brighton, Henrietta, Greece, Gates, Chili, Hilton, Spencerport, Victor, Canandaigua, Brockport, Honeoye Falls, Sodus, Williamson, Geneseo, Batavia and Albion. Travel beyond 25 miles of Rochester is $0.75 per mile. FAA airspace authorization near Greater Rochester International is filed by us at no charge.

Ready when you are

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